PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net early on.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the final moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.
